Comparative Electromagnetic Analysis of Distributed, Concentrated, and Toroidal Windings in High Density Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Marine Systeme

Zare, Fateme; Nakhaee, Vahid

doi:10.22034/jmstsd.2026.578986.1004

Comparative Electromagnetic Analysis of Distributed, Concentrated, and Toroidal Windings in High Density Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Marine Systeme

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Fateme Zare

vahid nakhaee

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology

10.22034/jmstsd.2026.578986.1004

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative electromagnetic analysis of distributed, concentrated, and toroidal winding configurations for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The study evaluates the performance of each topology in terms of average electromagnetic torque and torque ripple characteristics. The obtained results show that the distributed winding configuration produces an average torque of 0.8 Nm with a torque ripple of 25.4%, whereas the concentrated winding configuration generates a lower average torque of 0.4 Nm accompanied by a high torque ripple of 45.24%. In contrast, the toroidal winding configuration achieves the highest average torque of 0.94 Nm while significantly reducing the torque ripple to 9.57%. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the toroidal winding topology provides superior electromagnetic performance, improved torque smoothness, and enhanced torque density compared to conventional distributed and concentrated winding structures. Consequently, the proposed toroidal winding configuration represents a promising solution for compact and high-performance PMSM applications requiring reduced torque pulsation and stable operation.

Keywords

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)

Toroidal Winding

Distributed Winding

Concentrated Winding

Torque Ripple

Subjects